Environment and Green Technology

Abstract

Due to the rapid increase in population, the process of industrialization and urbanization are also upsurge in a parallel manner. The nondegradable pollutants generated by anthropogenic activities show a detrimental effect on the biosphere. Various pollutants like heavy metals, oil spills, pesticides, fungicides, solvents, plentiful plastics, and industrial effluents cause several environmental health risks. For healing the environment, a sustainable solution, that is, green technology has come out. Green technology also known as clean technology reduces environmental pollution and conserves natural resources. Nowadays, the technology is very much acceptable for having advantages like zero or low emission of greenhouse gases, conservation of energy and natural resources, minimization of environmental degradation, and better use of renewable resources. There are some trending green technologies, like Bioremediation, Biomineralization, Phytoremediation, Bioaugmentation, Bioflocculation, Biosurfactant, Biocatalyst, Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), Wetlands, Nanogreen Technology (NGT), etc., which are used to rescue and secure the environment from the toxic pollutants. Various biological organisms like microbes (Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas etc.), algae (Chlorella, Desmodesmus etc.), plants (Amaranthus, Camellia sinensis etc.) or their byproducts (exopolysaccharides, enzymes, phenolic compounds, nanomaterials etc.) are involved in various mechanisms of green technology. In this chapter, various mechanisms of green technology and their widespread applicability have been compiled for environmental sustainable development.