Abstract
Nanofluids have better surface stability, thermal absorption, and distribution capacities are produced as heat transfer fluids. In current nanofluid-transport studies, together with the heat transfer mechanisms, entropy reduction in thermo- and non-Newtonian nanofluid models with changing thermophysical characteristics is heavily addressed. The entropy production is examined as thermodynamically stable first-grade viscoelastic nanofluid (FGVNF) flow over a flat penetrable, porous barrier. The uniform porous horizontal stretching of the surface in a Darcy type of pore media results in a fluid motion disturbance. In addition, this study also includes the effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and slip conditions at the border. Under boundary layer flow and Rosseland approximations, the governing mathematical equations defining the physical features of the FGVNF flow and heat transfer models are summarized. The governing nonlinear partial differential equation is transformed by similarity variables to achieve solutions in nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Approximative solutions for reduced ordinary differential equations are obtained by the Keller Box Scheme. Two distinct types of nanofluids, Copper-Engine Oil (Cu-EO) and Zirconium Dioxide-Engine Oil (ZrO2-EO), are considered in this research. The graphs are produced to examine the effects of the different physical factors for the speed, temperature, and entropy distributions. The significant findings of this study are that the critical characteristics of (boundary layer) BL collectively promote temperature variation, including slip speed, diverse thermal conductivity, and non-Newtonian first-grade viscoelastic nanofluid, the concentration of nanoparticles as well as thermal radiation, and a high porous media. The other noteworthy observation of this study demonstrates that the (Cu-EO) FGVNF is a better conductor than (ZrO2-EO) FGVNF transmission. The entropy of the system grows the Deborah number and volume fraction parameter.
Highlights
Boundary layer survey has significant benefits in figuring out the main concept behind transport phenomena through a fluid flow
The fluidity and respective thickness of the boundary layer were decelerated for improving values of the Deborah number, which is responsible for the hike viscosity of the fluid to resist its flow
Porous media parameter (Pξ) sets the physical situation in favor of flow speed and thermal transport by improving the porosity of the medium employed in the model
Summary
Boundary layer survey has significant benefits in figuring out the main concept behind transport phenomena through a fluid flow. In another study by Maleki et al [14], they carried out a numerical study about the pseudo-plastic behavior of a non-Newtonian nanofluid based on Al2O3, Cu, TiO2, and CuO nanoparticles dispersed in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/water flowing over a plate. They utilized Runge–KuttaFehlberg method to solve ODEs. Rising nanoparticle concentration led to a decrease in Nusselt number for Newtonian nanofluid, increasing Nusselt number of non-Newtonian nanofluid. Keller-Box was the method that solved the governing equations after reducing PDEs to ODEs. The findings indicated that entropy generation can be enhanced by Brinkman number and the porosity, while reducing by material parameter. The effect of various, sundry parameters on velocity, shear stress, heat fields, surface drag coefficient, and Nusselt number are introduced clearly and displayed in figures and tables
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