Entropy optimization in hybrid radiative nanofluid flow with effect of variable magnetic field over exponential stretching plate

Abstract

Researchers have recently become interested in hybrid nanofluids, which are generated by dissipating two solid components in a regular fluid and can increase thermal properties. In this article, entropy optimization of three-dimensional hybrid nanoparticles flow through a bidirectional exponential stretching/shrinking plate is investigated, also MHD and thermal radiation are considered. Through appropriate similarity transformations, the conservative equation of momentum and energy are altered into nonlinear ODEs. A bvp4c method via Matlab software is utilized to solve these equations. The entropy formation is calculated using the solutions of the flow constraints on temperature and velocity. The influence of numerous constraints for instance suction/injection, stretching/shrinking, magnetic parameter, thermal radiation, Prandtl number, temperature exponent parameter, and temperature ratio parameter on flow, temperature, and entropy formation have been deliberated in detail via graphical presentation. The skin friction and local Nusselt number for altered estimations of the physical constraints are also established for practical purposes. The figures show that the stretching/shrinking and magnetic parameter raises the entropy formation while declined the Bejan number.