Entropy generation on MHD pulsatile flow of third grade hybrid nanofluid in a vertical porous channel with nonuniform heat source/sink, variable viscosity, thermal conductivity, and Joule heating: A numerical study

Abstract

This investigation inspects the entropy generation of magnetohydrodynamic pulsating third grade hybrid nanofluid flow between two vertical porous walls under the influence of nonuniform heat generation/absorption. Variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and slip effects are considered. Blood is taken as base fluid (third grade), iron oxide or magnetite and titanium dioxide are as nanoparticles. The nondimensional quantities are utilized to attain the dimensionless flow governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) and then the perturbation technique is employed to obtain the set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from PDEs. The Runge-Kutta 4th order technique along with shooting procedure is utilized to get solutions for the set of ODEs. The variations in different physical quantities on velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate, entropy generation, and Bejan number are depicted via graphs. The velocity enhances for the higher values of Grashof number. Accelerating space and temperature-dependent heat source/sink coefficient accelerates the temperature. The presence of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity intensifies the temperature when compared to their absence. A rise in radiation parameter accelerates the entropy and Bejan number. An increment in Eckert number and radiation parameter increases the heat transfer rate. Intensifying Hartmann number reduces the skin friction.