Entropy driven optimization of non-linear radiative chemically reactive sutterby nanofluid flow in presence of gyrotactic micro-organism with Hall effect and activation energy

Abstract

The enormous potential of nanotechnology has drawn attention to many different fields. Using nanoparticles, bio-convection has become a key phenomenon in industrial and technical applications. Nanofluids have emerged as effective solutions for addressing complex heat transfer challenges in modern engineering. This study aims to develop a comprehensive three-dimensional model of Sutterby nanofluid flow with bio-convection, investigating the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation, gyrotactic microorganisms, and magnetic fields on thermal efficiency and entropy generation. By investigating entropy optimization, chemical processes, activation energy, viscous dissipation, and magnetic field effects, the research aims to improve Sutterby nanofluid efficiency. This model reveals the dynamics of Sutterby nanofluid behavior by using partial differential equations (PDEs) and successively converted into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system. The converted equations are solved numerically using numerical technique bvp4c. The results of analyses show relationships between the concentration of nanofluid, Biot numbers, and microorganism profiles. The results indicate that while an increase in Biot number improves microorganism profiles, an increase in Lewis and Peclet numbers decreases nanofluid concentration. Critical elements that greatly affect mass distribution, heat transmission, and flow dynamics include magnetic fields, chemical processes, and activation energy. With the help of tables, the effects of physical parameters on skin friction, Nusselt numbers, and local Sherwood numbers are thoroughly investigated.