Abstract
The development of entrepreneurship competence considering a broad view of entrepreneurship requires a systematic approach to determine the validated content of learning and methodological basis for supporting learners’ entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviour. There is still relatively little research in this area at all levels of education. Addressing entrepreneurship competence as key competence of lifelong learning allows to broaden the understanding and describe the development of different aspects of entrepreneurship competence through meaningful and supportive interactions in the learning environment. This will allow a better understanding of how to support entrepreneurship competence in various courses and age groups. In this article, a framework of entrepreneurship competence called the Comprehensive Entrepreneurship Competence Model (CECM) is proposed. The development of an entrepreneurship competence model relies on the theory of systems thinking. The CECM model focuses on the developmental perspective (fundamental processes of human development) that is not emphasised in other models. The article also suggests how to support the development of entrepreneurship competence systematically at all levels of education through embedding entrepreneurship competence into the curricula, study programmes of different subjects and overall learning processes.
Highlights
Entrepreneurship competence describes the set of knowledge, skills, beliefs and motivational aspects that help individuals cope more efficiently with the increasing globalisation, uncertainty and complexity of the world (Gibb 2002a, 2002b; Lackéus 2015)
That entrepreneurship competence is an emerging phenomenon—that is, the sub-competencies and their relationships determine the overall state of the key competence
The article continues with the discussion on the issues raised in the literature on the development of entrepreneurship education considering the broad view to entrepreneurship (e.g., Blenker et al 2011, 2012; Baggen et al 2021)
Summary
Entrepreneurship competence describes the set of knowledge, skills, beliefs and motivational aspects that help individuals cope more efficiently with the increasing globalisation, uncertainty and complexity of the world (Gibb 2002a, 2002b; Lackéus 2015). Entrepreneurship is considered a key competence of lifelong learning, which is essential for all citizens in a knowledge-based society (European Commission 2018), and for increasing the potential of every learner to shape their well-being in the future (OECD 2018, see OECD 2019). The role of educational institutions at all levels is to support the development of entrepreneurship competence to help individuals perform better in an environment as entrepreneurs and as employees and in everyday activities (e.g., Blenker et al.2011, 2012). Some aspects of entrepreneurship competence are more hidden (like growth mindset) than others but still affected by the environment; we need to have a theoretical knowledge of the salient and non-salient aspects of the psyche related to entrepreneurship competence
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