Abstract
Especially in recent years, the attention to sustainability is even more felt in the tourism sector where the consequences of indiscriminate behavior in the exploitation of resources on the environment, on human beings and on their economic activities have become increasingly evident (Jaremen, Nawrocka, & Żemła, 2019). Tourism is often considered as a source of natural and cultural resources’ exploitation, but it also contributes to GHG emissions, being one of the main reasons that pushes the world population to move. On the other hand, tourism-related activities, when correctly designed, can be a strong source of sustainable development. Indeed, tourism products should be sustainable as they depend on local area resources: they are complex products which, on the one hand, should use local resources as a differentiation strategy, on the other hand, hey should factor in the needs of several territory’s stakeholders.
 
 Researchers and institutions have developed many tools to assess tourism environmental impacts focusing both on the local area as a whole or on a given product. For the tourism sector, social and environmental impacts, responses and indicators fall into five categories (Buckley, 2012): population, peace, prosperity, pollution and protection. Moreover, these tools and measures have not been able to increase sustainability of tourism products and the industry is not yet close to sustainability.
 
 In this chapter, we proposed an approach, built around Elkington’s three pillars model (1994), to assess sustainability (Lehtonen, 2004) of tourism products; we focus on products design processes to create a model that help entrepreneurs in assessing if their products are sustainable and where they are their main weaknesses. In order to show how such a simple model can be used to evaluate sustainable tourism initiatives and highlight their weaknesses we have used a multiple case studies approach and we have analyzed three different cases.
Highlights
1.1 Background of the ProblemTourism can be explained with an endogenous need each man has, usually, to escape from his ordinary life to live an experience in a different place from his habitual residence (Pine & Gilmore, 2000)
If we extend the definition of tourism products to include the local resources on which they are built, it means acknowledge that their raw materials are the specific natural, cultural and social resources existing in a given local area (Krippendorf, 1982)
In order to find an answer to our research questions we have decided to use a multiple case studies approach (Yin, 2003) as our research is mainly an exploratory one investigating if monitoring some characteristics of the tourism product design process can help entrepreneurs to evaluate if they are marketing a product fostering sustainable development
Summary
1.1 Background of the ProblemTourism can be explained with an endogenous need each man has, usually, to escape from his ordinary life to live an experience in a different place from his habitual residence (Pine & Gilmore, 2000). The tourist’s travel experience depends on the quality of the services offered by each touristic operator, but it depends on the own resources of the destination he has visited. These resources will contribute to the overall evaluation of all the moments in which the tourist perceived “quality” (Chen & Chen, 2010). This view acknowledges how the various perceptions are usually affected by those external—environmental-characteristics of the destination itself jms.ccsenet.org
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