Abstract
The objective of this study has been to compare motivation, intention, fear of failure and self-efficacy in starting business ventures in Saudi Arabia. Inductive content analysis is used to identify the similarities and differences between two cites and groups of people in Saudi Arabia; both male and female entrepreneurs and those who have already established a business. Furthermore, the paper draws on data gathered from eight interviews in the cities of Riyadh and Jeddah. Four of these interviews were conducted with male entrepreneurs and the remaining four were with female entrepreneurs. A description and analysis of each entrepreneur was developed individually including short observations on the interviewees; noting movements and body language. We found the motivation for being one’s own boss is greater in Riyadh than in Jeddah (p=0.024) whereas self-efficacy is greater in Jeddah yet this difference is not significant. Regarding intention, no significant difference was found between region and gender. Finally, both regions consider fear of failure to be predictable. The study presents important contributions to theorists and practitioners in entrepreneurial activities in Saudi Arabia. Our research has contributed to the study in entrepreneurial motivation, intention, role of management, and role of culture of male and female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia hence providing more knowledge and information towards the behavior of Saudi entrepreneurs.
Highlights
Being an entrepreneur is a career choice and it is very common to have paid employment (Burton et al, 2016; Manso, 2016)
We found the motivation for being one’s own boss is greater in Riyadh than in Jeddah (p=0.024) whereas self-efficacy is greater in Jeddah yet this difference is not significant
No significant difference was found between region and gender
Summary
Being an entrepreneur is a career choice and it is very common to have paid employment (Burton et al, 2016; Manso, 2016). The intention of creating a business is different from the serial entrepreneur’s intention to start another business (Simmons et al, 2016). It is important to understand the entrepreneurial behaviors and intentions because it plays an important role to the development of the economy and society (Audretsch, 1995; Audretsch & Fritsch, 2002; Blanchflower et al, 2001; Carree et al, 2002). Entrepreneurial intention is considered to be followed by the action of the entrepreneur (Bird, 1988; Kolvereid, 1996; Krueger & Brazeal, 1994; Krueger, Reilly, & Carsrud, 2000). Some research questions have been shaped to achieve the following objectives: 1) What leads the motivation of male entrepreneurs’ and female entrepreneurs’ to create their own business Further research has identified a myriad of reasons that would influence individuals to becoming entrepreneurs such as through experience, background, personal attributes, disposition, trait, and risk taking (Arenius & Minniti, 2005; Baron, 2004; Shane et al, 2003; McClelland, 1961; Ferreira et al, 2017).
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