Abstract
A new application of biocomposite hydrogels named gelatin-alginate (GA) and pectin alginate (PA) enables the use of the hydrogels as carriers for lipase entrapment during biodiesel production. Waste frying acid oil (WFAO), a raw material, was converted to biodiesel via an esterification reaction catalysed by two different immobilised biocatalysts: gelatin-alginate lipase (GAL) and pectin-alginate lipase (PAL). The highest immobilisation yield of GAL and PAL beads was achieved at 97.61% and 98.30%, respectively. Both of them gave biodiesel yields in the range of 75–78.33%. Furthermore, capability and reusability of biocatalysts were improved such that they could be reused up to 7 cycles. Moreover, the predicted biodiesel properties met the European biodiesel standard (EN14214). Interestingly, entrapped lipase on composite hydrogels can be used as an alternative catalyst choice for replacing the chemical catalyst during the biodiesel production.
Highlights
Vegetable/animal oils, are widely used by restaurants, household kitchens, hotels and food processing plants [1]
The Content water content contained in hydrogels is an important criteria for determining its capability
The water content contained in hydrogels is pectin and alginate (PA)
Summary
Vegetable/animal oils, are widely used by restaurants, household kitchens, hotels and food processing plants [1]. Waste frying oil (WFO), discharged from them, causes serious water pollution environmental problems. Several strategies have been reported for WFO recycling into value added products such as biodiesel, biolubricant, alkyl resin and washing products. Among these applications, biodiesel production from WFO has been defined as the most effective recycling process [2]. Biodiesel has lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission during its life cycle assessment [3]. Biodiesel production from WFO can meet cost effective and environmentally friendly waste management
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