Abstract
We propose a novel approach for microwave and optical fields entanglement using an electrical capacitor loaded with graphene plasmonic waveguide. In the proposed scheme, a quantum microwave signal of frequency f_m drives the electrical capacitor, while an intensive optical field (optical pump) of frequency f_1 is launched to the graphene waveguide as surface plasmon polariton (i.e., SPP) mode. The two fields interact by the means of electrically modulating the graphene optical conductivity. It then follows that an upper and lower SPP sideband modes (of f_2 = f_1 + f_m and f_3 = f_1 -f_m frequencies, respectively) are generated. We have shown that the microwave signal and the lower sideband SPP mode are entangled, given a proper optical pump intensity is provided. A quantum mechanics model is developed to describe the fields evolution. The entanglement of the two fields is evaluated versus many parameters including the waveguide length, the pump intensity, and the microwave frequency. We found that the two fields are entangled over a vast microwave frequency range. Furthermore, our calculations show that a significant number of entangled photons are generated at the lower SPP sideband. The proposed scheme attains tunable mechanism for microwave-optical entanglement which paves the way for efficient quantum systems.
Highlights
We propose a novel approach for microwave and optical fields entanglement using an electrical capacitor loaded with graphene plasmonic waveguide
We have evaluated the entanglement of the microwave and the optical field versus different parameters including the graphene waveguide length, the microwave frequency, the microwave number of photons and the pump intensity
A microwave and optical fields entanglement based on an electrical capacitor loaded with a graphene plasmonic waveguide has been proposed and investigated
Summary
The entanglement between microwave and optical fields is conducted using an optoelectronic system (composed of a photodetector and a Varactor diode) While this approach avoids the thermal noise restriction and can be designed to be tunable, the bandwidth of the photodetector and the Varactor capacitor (and their noise figures) imposes the performance limitations. A recent approach is proposed in [24] for microwave and optical fields entanglement using a whispering gallery mode resonator filled with an electro-optical material. In this approach, an optical field is coupled to the whispering gallery resonator while a microwave field drives the resonator. In the light of the above, a novel approach (with an off-resonance mechanism) is needed to achieve a wide band entanglement of microwave and optical fields with a large tunability
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