Enlightenment, Critical Theory, and the Role of Business Schools in the Anthropocene

José Marcelo Maia Nogueira,Caio Cesar Coelho Rodrigues,Ana Carolina Aguiar

doi:10.24857/rgsa.v15.2816

José Marcelo Maia Nogueira, Caio Cesar Coelho Rodrigues + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v15.2816

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Abstract

Purpose: This article analyses relations between the Dialectic of Enlightenment, critical theory, and the Anthropocene, and poses the question: How do the Dialectic of Enlightenment and critical theory relate to the Anthropocene? Moreover, what is the role of business schools and critical management studies in the context of the Anthropocene? Theoretical framework: The Dialectic of Enlightenment questioned why advancements in rationality and technology failed to lead humanity to emancipation. Moreover, advancements in rationality and technology have led to the Anthropocene: a new geological age marked by the human capacity to modify the climate and ecosystems of Planet Earth. This debate, which is related to fields such as sustainability, organisations, and management, can be held in business schools. Method/design/approach: To discuss this theme, we compose a theoretical essay. Results and conclusion: The shock of the Anthropocene has provoked the need to think differently about social and environmental issues and to declare humanity as being responsible for nature. However, this response can neither be naïve nor generalised; it cannot place the responsibility for the Anthropocene on every human being equally. That would also reduce the significance of the human struggle to both acknowledge and solve the current climate and nature issues. We propose five dimensions where business schools could advance to foster critical thinking in the Anthropocene: curriculum, institutional practices, academic staff, the educational system, and subjectivity. Research implications: Critical management studies (CMS) and business schools are two important players that can use the Anthropocene-induced perspective shift to think differently about social and environmental issues. Originality/value: We show that CMS can use the Anthropocene shock to reinforce itself and gain greater legitimacy to critically analyse modern methods of organising the human society. Business schools also need to review their current practices for educating future managers who need to be aware of their environmental impact both as human beings and as professionals.

Highlights

The Dialectic of Enlightenment questioned the Age of Enlightenment during the eighteenth century regarding its promises that an emphasis on rationality would significantly improve human life (Horkheimer, Adorno, & Noeri, 2002)
We propose five dimensions where business schools could advance to foster critical thinking in the Anthropocene: curriculum, institutional practices, academ ic staff, the educational system, a nd subjectivity
We show that critical management studies (CMS) can use the Anthropocene shock to reinforce itself and gain greater legitimacy to critically analyse modern methods of organising the human society

Summary

Introduction

The Dialectic of Enlightenment questioned the Age of Enlightenment during the eighteenth century regarding its promises that an emphasis on rationality would significantly improve human life (Horkheimer, Adorno, & Noeri, 2002). Evolution in terms of rationality, technology, and technique over the last few centuries influenced the inauguration of a new epoch on Earth: the Anthropocene This geological phase commenced when human actions began to significantly impact and modify the climate and ecosystems of the planet (Steffen, Crutzen, & McNeill, 2007). There is a link between the discussions regarding the Anthropocene and enlightenment, as both relate to the macro and planetary dimensions influenced by micro and everyday actions Both forms of discussion make us rethink the concepts of rationality, technology, technique, human emancipation, exploitation, the domination of nature, etc.; these issues permeate critical theory because they are related to the organisation of our society, where certain private companies hold greater economic power than many sovereign nations and shoulder serious social and environmental responsibilities. Critical management studies (CMS) and business schools can rely on the concept of the Anthropocene to enhance their perspectives

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