Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CNP) Conjugated with S-Nitroso-N-acetyl Penicillamine for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Nanoparticles are extensively used because their small size, unique orientation, and distinct physical properties can significantly modify the behavior of the materials they interact with. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) also known as nanoceria are gaining popularity in a multitude of sectors, including Biomedical science as drug delivery, therapeutics, and enzyme mimetics. Nanoceria are preferred over typical antioxidants or enzymes because they can scavenge numerous types of free radicals. Studies such as In vitro and in vivo methods have shown that nanoceria may be employed as a carrier for targeted medication and gene delivery. Nanoceria works as an antioxidant therapeutics in healthy cells by scavenging ROS (at physiological pH) free radicals. Furthermore, S-Nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP), a nitroso thiol derivative, releases nitric oxide (NO) under physiological conditions. This makes SNAP a valuable tool for researching the pharmacological and physiological effects of NO. The conjugation of CNP and SNAP along with bacterial cellulose enhances its antimicrobial, SOD, and antidiabetic activities. CNP was synthesized using the Wet chemistry method and optimized using a UV/Vis Spectrophotometer. Further, the conjugate solution was characterized by UV-Vis (i.e., within the range of 230-280 nm) and SEM shows a perfect conjugate solution by its morphology and elements. The anti-microbial activity was administered, and a moderate zone was observed. The zone of inhibition activity was shown 4 mm against gram-negative bacteria and 7 mm against gram-positive bacteria. The conjugate solution examined cellular viability of approximately 50.6 % in HACAT cells which shows less toxicity. These observations concluded that the procedure for nanoparticle synthesis is advantageous and synthesized nanomaterial was found to be highly Antioxidative.