Abstract
Recently, many materials have shown that they can be used as alternatives to chemicals materials in order to be used to improve the properties of drilling fluids. Some of these materials are banana peels and corn cobs which both are considered environmentally- friendly materials. The results of the X-ray diffraction examination have proved that the main components of these materials are cellulose and hemicellulose, which contribute greatly to the increasing of the effectiveness of these two materials. Due to their distinct composition, these two materials have improved the rheological properties (plastic viscosity and yield point) and reduced the filtration of the drilling fluids to a large extent. The addition rates used for each of the two materials (banana peels and corn cob) are 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. As regard to banana peels, the results have shown that there is a direct correlation between the addition ratios, the increase in the rheological properties (plastic viscosity and yield point), and the decrease in filtration The corn cob has shown the same results. Also, 0.01% increase in the pH value was observed when adding a corn cob, while adding banana peels showed the opposite, as adding them led to 0.02% decrease in the pH value. Among the other properties that have been studied is density, as it has been noticed that there is no significant effect of these two materials on the density of drilling fluid. Moreover, the performance of these two materials has been compared with the PAC polymer. This research suggests that the possibility of moving towards corn cob and dried banana peels as additives for biodegradable drilling fluid. Apart from being environmentally friendly, the choice of using them is considered economically more efficient than other chemical additives. By all accounts, the above materials are an increasingly rational choice for moving forward for an environmentally friendly oil industry.
Highlights
Drilling the wellbore is the primary and the furthermost expensive stage in the oil industry
The petroleum industry is fortified to seek drilling fluids and their additives for instance non-toxic viscosity reducers and fluid loss control additives in drilling mud [19].The results of X-ray diffraction, as shown in Figure (5) and Table (2), show that the Iraqi bentonite contains a high percentage of montmorillonite, about 73% as a major mineral This mineral is characterized by the weak cohesion between its plates, as it is rapidly dispersed with water, but its ability to gel is weak
Table (4) shows the effect of adding the aforementioned materials on the acidity value of the drilling fluid as PAC and corn cob contribute to a slight increase in pH by about (0.01% to 0.02%) and the opposite is quite true for dried banana peels
Summary
Drilling the wellbore is the primary and the furthermost expensive stage in the oil industry. The possibility of using dried banana peels to improve the performance of drilling mud, and the results have enhanced the possibility of using this environmentally friendly material. These researchers used several percentages of dried banana peels, all of which were successful in increasing the viscosity and reducing filtration [9]. This research aims to delve into the impact of local materials that have the potential to decompose and can be considered environmentally friendly and that are not exploited by industrially, such as corn cob and dried banana peels in order to improve the efficiency of drilling fluid [10]. The new thing in this research is that a comparison was made between the performance of corn cob and dried banana peels at different concentrations, and a comparison of the performance of both materials with PAC Polymer, which led to a comprehensive awareness of the effect of both materials on the drilling mud
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