Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in many fields, but they are easy to burn and produce a lot of smoke, which seriously endangers the safety of people’s lives and property. In this study, tetraethyl(1,5–bis(bis(2–hydroxypropyl)amino)pentane–1,5–diyl)bis(phosphonate) (TBPBP), as a phosphorus–nitrogen–containing reactive–type flame retardant, was successfully synthesized and employed to enhance the flame retardancy of RPUFs, and silica aerogel (SA) powder was utilized to reduce harmful fumes. Castor oil–based rigid polyurethane foam containing SA powder and TBPBP was named RPUF–T45@SA20. Compared with neat RPUF, the obtained RPUF–T45@SA20 greatly improved with the compressive strength properties and the LOI value increased by 93.64% and 44.27%, respectively, and reached the V–0 rank of UL–94 testing. The total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of RPUF–T45@SA20 were, respectively, reduced by 44.66% and 51.89% compared to those of the neat RPUF. A possible flame–retardant mechanism of RPUF–T45@SA20 was also proposed. This study suggested that RPUF incorporated with TBPBP and SA powder is a prosperous potential composite for fire and smoke safety as a building insulation material.
Highlights
Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in many fields, especially in the construction field as insulation materials, due to high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, convenient manufacture and cost effectiveness [1,2,3,4]
The Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) curve of TBPBP is displayed in Figure 2a. m/z = 607.34790 and C25H57O10N2P2 mean the successful synthesis of TBPBP, its actual molecular weight and molecular formula were 606.7 and C25H56O10N2P2, respectively
The simultaneous utilization of TBPBP and silica aerogel (SA) powder further enhanced the physical and flame–retardant properties, and apparently reduced the instantaneous release of harmful gases compared to the one only using TBPBP
Summary
Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in many fields, especially in the construction field as insulation materials, due to high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, convenient manufacture and cost effectiveness [1,2,3,4]. Neat RPUF is flammable and diffuses rapidly during combustion as a result of the low break–up temperature and high pore structure with extensive multi–contact between matrix and air [5,6]. Reactive flame retardants have been proved to enhance the flame retardancy of RPUFs; RPUFs inserting reactive flame retardants produce more smoke than neat RPUF when they burn. In our previous study [15], silica aerogel (SA) powder was proved to remarkably enhance compressive strength and reduce harmful fumes
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