Enhancing special care dentistry with waiting room based multisensory-adapted dental environment: A randomized controlled-trial.

Abstract

To assess the effectiveness of waiting room based multisensory adapted dental environment (SADE) as a novel, non-invasive behavior management technique in alleviating anxiety levels in children with Down syndrome. This study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.Y. Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai. A total of 40 children between 8 and 13 years of age diagnosed with Down syndrome were included in our study. Prior to the first dental evaluation, they were divided equally into two groups using simple randomization via lottery system. Group A (Intervention group): Patients were subjected to a sensory adapted environment (SADE) in the waiting room for 10 min prior to dental evaluation. Group B (Control group): Patients were subjected to a regular dental environment (RDE) in the waiting room for 10 min prior to dental evaluation. Outcome parameters evaluated at baseline and post dental evaluation were anxiety and behavior, using a pulse oximeter and the Modified Venham's Scale respectively. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). The 'p' value<.05 was taken as significant at 95% confidence interval. Mann-Whitney U test was used to carry out the inter group analysis which showed a significant increase in the heart rate (26.00, p=.00) in Group B and a significant decrease in the Modified Venham Scale score (90.00, p=.001) in Group A. The Wilcoxon Signed ranks test was used to carry out the intra group analysis for which a significant difference between the two time intervals for heart rate (-3.69, p=.00) and Modified Venham Scale score (-1.46, p=.03) was obtained in Group A whereas a significant difference was obtained only in the heart rate (-3.04, p=.002) in Group B. Multisensory-adapted dental environment (SADE) in the waiting room effectively improves behavior, reduces anxiety and sensory discomfort among children with Down syndrome.