Enhancing pulsed electrohydrodynamic printing frequency via high-order-mode ejection

Abstract

We investigate multi-mode oscillation and ejection behavior in pulsed electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing in this paper. The results show that multi-mode oscillation is determined by the damping ratio of the meniscus, while the phase difference between meniscus oscillation and the electric field governs whether jetting can occur. High-order-mode jetting can occur around the corresponding resonant frequency of a low damping ratio system. This enhances the frequency limit to approximately 2.62 times that of traditional pulsed EHD printing, providing an efficient approach to high-frequency EHD printing.