Abstract
Neoplasm formation, a non-meristematic tissue growth on young field pea (Pisum sativum L.) pods is triggered in the absence of UV light and/or in response to oviposition by pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.). This trait is expressed in some genotypes [neoplastic (Np) genotypes] of P. sativum and has the capacity to obstruct pea weevil larval entry into developing seeds. In the present study, 26% of the tested accessions depicted the trait when grown under greenhouse conditions. However, UV light inhibits full expression of this trait and subsequently it is inconspicuous at the field level. In order to investigate UV light impact on the expression of neoplasm, particular Np genotypes were subjected to UV lamp light exposure in the greenhouse and sunlight at the field level. Under these different growing conditions, the highest mean percentage of Np pods was in the control chamber in the greenhouse (36%) whereas in single and double UV lamp chambers, the percentage dropped to 10 and 15%, respectively. Furthermore, when the same Np genotypes were grown in the field, the percentage of Np pods dropped significantly (7%). In order to enhance Np expression at the field level, intercropping of Np genotypes with sorghum was investigated. As result, the percentage of Np pods was threefold in intercropped Np genotypes as compared to those without intercropping. Therefore, intercropping Np genotypes with other crops such as sorghum and maize can facilitate neoplasm formation, which in turn can minimize the success rate of pea weevil larvae entry into developing seeds. Greenhouse artificial infestation experiments showed that pea weevil damage in Np genotypes is lower in comparison to wild type genotypes. Therefore, promoting Np formation under field conditions via intercropping can serve as part of an integrated pea weevil management strategy especially for small scale farming systems.
Highlights
MATERIALS AND METHODSAbiotic factors like light, water and nutrients have a major influence on the phenotype of crops which in turn influences the multi-trophic interactions of the crop with ecological and economic implications (Dicke and Hilker, 2003)
Particular Np genotypes that have shown consistent Np formation in repeated greenhouse trials were exposed to UV light to investigate UV influence on neoplasm formation
The highest percentage of Np pods, 36%, was recorded when genotypes were grown in the control chamber under greenhouse conditions and the least, 7%, when the replicates were grown in the field without intercropping
Summary
MATERIALS AND METHODSAbiotic factors like light, water and nutrients have a major influence on the phenotype of crops which in turn influences the multi-trophic interactions of the crop with ecological and economic implications (Dicke and Hilker, 2003). Neoplasm producing genotypes were identified from various field pea accessions during greenhouse screening experiments for pea weevil resistance in 2012 and 2013 (Teshome et al, 2015). A one way analysis of variance model was used to compare the proportion of neoplasm formation in Np genotypes when grown under different greenhouse and field conditions.
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