Enhancing Clitoria ternatea Propagation Through Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis: Optimal Plant Growth Regulators Type and Concentration for Efficient in Vitro Plant Production

Abstract

The propagation of Clitoria ternatea poses several challenges, including low germination rates, vulnerability of young seedlings in natural environment, and a slow flowering rate. This study aims to identify the best Plant Growth Regulators and their optimal concentration to stimulate indirect somatic embryogenesis from C. Ternatea leaves explants. The samples were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mgL-1 ) and a combination of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; 1, 2, and 3 mgL-1 ) and 0.1 mgL-1 kinetin. The findings revealed that all treatments resulted in the formation of both embryogenic and non embryogenic calluses. The addition of TDZ to the MS medium led to a greater percentage of embryogenic callus formation compared to using the combination of kinetin and 2,4-D. The highest percentage of 84.37% was achieved when samples were cultured on MS medium with 3 mgL-1 TDZ. The most effective induction period of 21 days was observed with the medium supplemented with 3 mgL-1 TDZ, followed by 4 and 5 mgL-1 TDZ, which took 23 days. The research findings suggest that a concentration of 3 mgL-1 TDZ is the optimal PGR type and dosage for achieving rapid and efficient in vitro plant production compared to various concentrations of 2,4-D in combination with kinetin.