Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Climate Change Resilience of Coastal Communities in Yap

Abstract

The biophysical and socioeconomic conditions in the coastal zone of the Yap Islands is highly vulnerable to climate-related changes in precipitation, sea level, storm surges, coastal erosion, and salinity. The climatic changes are affecting every aspect in the lives of coastal communities due to the small size of the islands and atolls, their low elevation, and extensive coastal areas. Climate risks are further amplified by the regional El Nino Southern Oscillation phenomena that threaten the food and water security of island communities. Further changes are projected to manifest in the coming decades because of increased temperature, decreased rainfall, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification. Recurrences of disasters and crises threaten food security through impacts on traditional agriculture, causing the forced migration of coastal communities to highlands in search of better living conditions. As many of the projected impacts are now unavoidable, implementing some degree of adaptation is essential to enhance food security, strengthen livelihoods, and increase the resilience of coastal communities to future climate risks. This paper highlights the outcomes of an ongoing project on ‘Climate Adaptive Agriculture and Resilience,’ and presents a three-pronged adaptation model to enhance the adaptive capacity and climate resilience of coastal communities in Yap. The potential of sustainable soil management practices, water conservation and management, and mosaic restoration activities in enhancing the livelihood opportunities of displaced coastal communities is highlighted. Through this adaptation model, coastal communities can moderate the harm of current and future climate risks and take advantage of new opportunities.