Enhancement of Vertical Alveolar Ridge Augmentation in Canine Defect Model Grafted with Resorbable Bioceramic Composite

Abstract

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate histologically and radiographically the quality and the quantity of the formed bone after alveolar ridge augmentation using micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic with and without rhBMP-2.Material and methods: Saddle-type alveolar ridge defects (12X7) mm were created in dog mandibles. Defects were grafted with micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic loaded with rhBMP-2 10 μg and covered with collagen membrane. Control groups included defects grafted with SCPC50 granules without rhBMP-2 and un-grafted defects. Radiographs were taken for the dissected defect sites at 2 and 4 months. Radiographs were analyzed for bone density using the ImageJ 1.46 program. Dissected defect sites were then fixed in formalin and processed for histologic and hitomorphometric analysis. Data was statistically analyzed using student t-test and 1-way ANOVA test with p<0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Radiographic analysis of augmented bone revealed bone density equal to or denser than the surrounding native bone in SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2. Qualitative and quantitative histologic evaluation revealed dense well arranged bone trabeculae in both the SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2 with more rapid bone formation and graft resorption in the rhBMP-2 group. Maturation of newly formed bone was noted on the periphery and inside the SCPC50 pores. No adverse reactions, excessive bone formation or fluid filled voids were detected.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that SCPC50 is an effective graft material in alveolar ridge augmentation. SCPC/rhBMP-2 hybrid accelerated bone regeneration and enhanced bone quality and quantity as revealed by radiographic and histologic evaluation.