Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation processes have attracted tremendous attention on the destruction of toxic and non-biodegradable organics. A series of neodymium (Nd)-doped PbO2 electrodes (Ti/PbO2-Nd) were synthesized through a pulse electrodeposition method, and its activity of bisphenol S (BPS) removal was further examined. The morphologies and structures were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The performance, energy consumption and mechanism of electrochemical oxidation of BPS by Ti/PbO2-Nd electrode were also discussed. Compared to the traditional Ti/PbO2 electrode, the Ti/PbO2-Nd enables finer crystal particles, facilitating the oxygen evolution overpotential (OEP) from 1.41V to 1.55V and the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Moreover, lower duty cycles during the preparation of the electrode also contribute to the tapering size of crystals. The results show that the Ti/PbO2-Nd electrode exhibits relatively high activity in the anodic oxidation of BPS. Over 95% of BPS could be removed with the current density of 15 mA cm−2. Moreover, the energy consumption of BPS degradation on Ti/PbO2-Nd electrode is 60.26 kWh m−3, much lower than that on Ti/PbO2 electrode (95.45 kWh m−3). To conclude, the Ti/PbO2-Nd electrode has been proven to be a promising material for BPS removal.
Highlights
As a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical, the adverse impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) on human health have drawn much attention, and the use of BPA has even been prohibited in some countries [1,2]
Increasing research has demonstrated that bisphenol S (BPS) may be leaked to the environment in the process of production, transportation and usage, and it has even been detected in water environments [3,4]
The ratio of Pb:Nd = 10:1 in the Ti/PbO2 -Nd electrode is considered an ideal Nd-content, which was chosen in the following experiments unless otherwise specified
Summary
As a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical, the adverse impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) on human health have drawn much attention, and the use of BPA has even been prohibited in some countries [1,2]. Low regeneration and unsuitability for the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater made it limited for real application. Prepared a Ce-doped Ti/nanoTiO2 /PbO2 electrode and found that its large active surface area and small charge transfer resistance contributed to high electrocatalytic activity. The Ni-Nd co-doped SnO2 -Sb anode was believed to be attributed to the improved generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enhanced the degradation of phenol and the total organic carbon (TOC) [24]. As BPS carries a phenol functional group, an electrochemical degradation method with rare earth-doped PbO2 electrodes may be feasible for BPS removal.
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