Abstract
The impact of rapid growth of urbanization on the pattern of pedestrian movement as well as people's stop time in outdoor spaces is inconceivable .Since conditions that are created by physical characteristics of open spaces that exposed to direct sun, have a significant effect on pedestrian's behavior, in this research, the influence of micro scale urban design on pedestrian comfort is investigated in different time of day in Tehran as a hot and dry city. In this regard, the Vali-ASR Avenue in Tehran has been studied by simulation method in Envi-met software. In this paper we used the Envi-Met software and the ambient site temperature parameter to analyze and compare the energy efficiency of design elements including vegetation density, water features and pavement materials in the morning and high noon time (presence of light). Results show that and presence of sun in high noon is the major reason of high effect of climatic element on thermal comfort and using all landscape design elements at the same time is the most effective way to reduce the overall intensity of temperatures in the linear open spaces.
Highlights
IntroductionAttention to the problems of population growth will increase the importance of thermal comfort and using less energy in outdoor indoor spaces
Urban growth has a consequence in the industrial cities like Tehran such as urban heat island (UHI) that lock up the heat in open urban areas and during the night return the warm air to the surroundings
The main question is what is the role of these elements in a linear open space design? Some of the urban landscape features such as the trees and water features and sidewalks floorings have an influence in the amount of solar energy and wind flow in different ways and they can be useful in helping energy efficiency
Summary
Attention to the problems of population growth will increase the importance of thermal comfort and using less energy in outdoor indoor spaces. In micro level studies on outdoor comfort, The studies of love[2] demonstrates that Urban design, architecture techniques, and heat reducing materials can be used to reduce both the UHI effect and increase daytime thermal comfort and micro scale design elements can improve that. The studies that have been done by love[2]shows that Inexpensive improvements, such as protecting a site from sun angles, can have a cooling impact to a space at a relatively low cost and the use light colored, porous materials has been demonstrated to reduce heat retention and site temperature. The studies of Shashua and Associates[4], out lines that outdoor evaporative cooling is a means for moderating the urban heat island, reducing building energy demandand improving pedestrian comfort
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