Abstract
Population proliferation, economic escalation and modernization have led to a tenacious increase in the number of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) in developing countries (DCs) particularly in Rwanda. Also, with the onset of information and communication technology (ICT), people are eager to discover new technologies, leading to robust demand for contemporary electronic devices and the use of these tools. Expired EEE are being discarded expeditiously as E-waste in bulk due to a lack of perspicuous management and treatment approach. This work is intended to describe the development of e-waste and suggests theoretical recommendations. However, it is predicated on open access articles that use e-waste as a keyword, field survey and some of the most widely studied topics namely waste management, environmental and human health effects, and the current situation of waste management in a particular region. This work reveals that the National E-waste Management Policy will restraint the life end of EEE emanating in human health protection, environment conservation, and business development concomitant to management of electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) and recycling industries, and job creation for sustainable development.
Highlights
To date, technology is widely embedded in all aspects of human life, and it offers users various innumerable benefits
Fast use of emerging electronic products has proved problematic for the linear economy in handling e-waste and daily use of electronic and electronic equipment in our lives is growing by way of lifestyles and technical improvements [1]
In this work, we have used the concept of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which describes e-waste as electronic and electrical equipment that is no longer usable to the holder or meets its end of existence, including laptops, cell phones, and others [7]
Summary
Technology is widely embedded in all aspects of human life, and it offers users various innumerable benefits. The pursuit of new concepts and designs will reduce the extent of electronic products, leading to widespread of e-waste generation systems [2] Once past their end of existence, were deemed hazardous for environment and human health [3]–[5]. A significant impact on e-waste handling has gained in the University of Duhok's (Iraq), along with the suggestion to incorporate e-waste insights and management into curricula for environmental sustainability [21] These indicated, in DCs, limited knowledge on a waste of EEE is a huge obstacle, users hang on to the equipment for as long as they can, partly because of the importance they attach to the equipment or because of absolute ignorance of the composition of e-waste products, but some of which are harmful to the environment and human health [4]. Automatic dispensers for hot drinks, bottles or cans, and money
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