Abstract
Glow discharge plasma (GDP) treatments of biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) composites, produce surfaces with fewer contaminants and may facilitate cell attachment and enhance bone regeneration. Thus, in this study we used argon glow discharge plasma (Ar-GDP) treatments to modify HA/β-TCP particle surfaces and investigated the physical and chemical properties of the resulting particles (HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP). The HA/β-TCP particles were treated with GDP for 15 min in argon gas at room temperature under the following conditions: power: 80 W; frequency: 13.56 MHz; pressure: 100 mTorr. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed similar rough surfaces of HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP HA/β-TCP particles, and energy dispersive spectrometry analyses showed that HA/β-TCP surfaces had more contaminants than HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP surfaces. Ca/P mole ratios in HA/β-TCP and HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP were 1.34 and 1.58, respectively. Both biomaterials presented maximal intensities of X-ray diffraction patterns at 27° with 600 a.u. At 25° and 40°, HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP and HA/β-TCP particles had peaks of 200 a.u., which are similar to XRD intensities of human bone. In subsequent comparisons, MG-63 cell viability and differentiation into osteoblast-like cells were assessed on HA/β-TCP and HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP surfaces, and Ar-GDP treatments led to improved cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activities. The present data indicate that GDP surface treatment modified HA/β-TCP surfaces by eliminating contaminants, and the resulting graft material enhanced bone regeneration.
Highlights
Multiple regenerative procedures have been developed for the treatment of deep infrabony defects, furcation involvements, and for socket preservation after tooth extraction [1,2,3,4]
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed no discernible damage associated with the surface treatment, and HA/β-TCP
(B) Cells growing with HA/β-TCP + Ar-Glow discharge plasma (GDP) on Day 1. (C) Cells were cultured with HA/β-TCP and were grown for 1 day. (D) Cells in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium on Day 3. (E) Cells growing were grown grown for for 11 day
Summary
Multiple regenerative procedures have been developed for the treatment of deep infrabony defects, furcation involvements, and for socket preservation after tooth extraction [1,2,3,4]. Further studies are urgently required to develop and compare alternatives to allogenic grafts, including optional biomaterials such as xenogenic grafts from the same and other species, alloplastic materials, and synthetic and inorganic implant materials [2,6] These materials may provide scaffolds for bone formation (osteoconduction) and could contain bone-forming cells (osteogenesis) or bone-inductive substances (osteoinduction) [3]. Bone scaffold can be manufactured by several synthetic routes developed to prepare BCP bioceramics of variable HA/β-TCP ratios simulating the physical and biological properties of natural bones [24] Multiple techniques, such as gas foaming, freeze drying, thermally induced phase separation, precipitation, hydrolysis, mechanical mixture, among others [25]. We determined the physical and chemical properties of HA/β-TCP particles after GDP surface treatment (HA/β-TCP + Ar-GDP) and tested the resulting biological effects on MG-63 cell viability and differentiation into osteoblast like cells
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