Abstract
BackgroundMenopause induces various metabolic disorders due to the rapid decrease of the ovarian hormone estrogen. It is involved in increased risk of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. The pigmented giant embryo cultivar is a promising food product for menopause-induced metabolic disorders.ObjectiveThe effects of non-germinated and germinated Keunnunjami, a new blackish purple pigmented rice with a giant embryo, on glucose and bone metabolisms in ovariectomized rats were investigated.DesignThe animals were fed with normal control diet (NC group) or control diet supplemented with either non-germinated Keunnunjami (KN group) or germinated Keunnunjami (GKN group) powder for 8 weeks.ResultsThe blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, adipokine concentrations, hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities, and bone resorption biomarker levels significantly decreased in KN and GKN groups compared to those of the control animals.DiscussionThese findings illustrate that GKN group showed greater hypoglycemic activity and lower bone resorption than KN group, suggesting that germination could further improve the physiological property of Keunnunjami.ConclusionGerminated Keunnunjami may have therapeutic potential against hyperglycemia and bone turnover imbalance caused by menopause.
Highlights
Menopause induces various metabolic disorders due to the rapid decrease of the ovarian hormone estrogen
Results showed that dietary feeding of germinated Keunnunjami (GKN) and KN powders significantly reduced the body weight, body fat, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and increased the hepatic glycogen content in ovariectomized rats
The adipokine adiponectin could induce insulin-sensitizing effects and its elevated level has been associated with improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and could protect women against the development of diabetes after menopause [36, 37]
Summary
Menopause induces various metabolic disorders due to the rapid decrease of the ovarian hormone estrogen. It is involved in increased risk of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. The pigmented giant embryo cultivar is a promising food product for menopause-induced metabolic disorders. Objective: The effects of non-germinated and germinated Keunnunjami, a new blackish purple pigmented rice with a giant embryo, on glucose and bone metabolisms in ovariectomized rats were investigated. Results: The blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, adipokine concentrations, hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities, and bone resorption biomarker levels significantly decreased in KN and GKN groups compared to those of the control animals. Discussion: These findings illustrate that GKN group showed greater hypoglycemic activity and lower bone resorption than KN group, suggesting that germination could further improve the physiological property of Keunnunjami. Conclusion: Germinated Keunnunjami may have therapeutic potential against hyperglycemia and bone turnover imbalance caused by menopause
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