Abstract
Prevention of bacterial inflammation around dental implants (peri-implantitis) is one of the keys to success of the implantation and can be achieved by securing the gingival tissue-abutment interface preventing penetration of bacteria. Modern dental practice has adopted zirconia abutments in place of titanium, but the adhesion of gingival tissue to zirconia is inferior to titanium. The aim of this study was to assess and improve the adhesion of mucosal tissues to zirconia posts using sol-gel derived TiO2 coating following dynamic mechanical testing. The posts were cultivated with porcine bone-gingival tissue specimens in vitro for 7 and 14 days and then subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis simulating physiological loading at 1 Hz up to 50 μm amplitude. In parallel in silico analysis of stresses and strains have been made simulating “the worst case” when the fixture fails in osseointegration while the abutment still holds. Results show treatment of zirconia can lead to double interface stiffness (static shear stiffness values from 5–10 to 17–23 kPa and dynamic from 20–50 to 60–125 kPa), invariant viscostiffness (from 5–35 to 45–90 kPa·sα) and material memory values (increased from 0.06–0.10 to 0.17–0.25), which is beneficial in preventing bacterial contamination in dental implants. This suggests TiO2-coated zirconia abutments may have a significant clinical benefit for prevention of the bacterial contamination.
Highlights
A dental implant system can be used to restore a missing tooth or teeth
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of TiO2 coatings on zirconia posts to enhance the soft tissue adherence, evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) combined with computer in silico simulation
Co., Lemgo, Germany) endodontic posts (n = 12) of 10 ± 1 mm length and 1.95 ± 0.05 mm diameter were used in this study to function as implants that were inserted in porcine gingival tissue, as described by Shahramian et al [13], to simulate the intraoral soft tissues attachment to zirconia abutments
Summary
A dental implant system can be used to restore a missing tooth or teeth It is made of three parts: the implant, an abutment and a crown [1]. The abutment as the mid-part is placed on the implant with different locking configurations for the purpose of connecting the implant through soft gingival tissues to the oral environment. A tight “good” seal between the soft tissue and the abutment is required for long term success of a dental implantation [2,3]. This is to prevent bacterial inflammation in the adjacent tissues, which may lead to bone resorption and implant failure. This is different from frequencies seen in animal models, for example, porcine about 2–3 Hz [5], so animal data might not be directly translatable
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