Enhancement Effect of BAP and Spent Mushroom Compost in Micro-Propagation of Sabah Snake Grass

Wan Nurul Hidayah Wan Anuar,Siti Hamidah Radiyah Shiekh Mahmud,Engku Fatimah Syairah Engku Safruddin,Suat-Hian Tan,Wan Nurhafisya Binti Mior Norazmi

doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2019.190.197

Wan Nurul Hidayah Wan Anuar, Siti Hamidah Radiyah Shiekh Mahmud + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2019.190.197

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Abstract

Medicinal plants which is Clinacantus nutans (C. nutans) that known as Sabah Snake Grass or Belalai Gajah can treat several diseases including cancer. In order to provide and grow this plant in large number for health and pharmaceutical industry, one of the solutions is through the plant tissue culture technique. In this experiment, C. nutans was cultured under controlled conditions which to provide sterile plantlets. The surface sterilization using three methods which involved ethanol, Clorox and mercuric chloride. In the comparison of them, it was found that the use of 70% ethanol (5 min) followed by 30% clorox (5 min) then with 0.1% mercuric chloride for one hour was the most effective sterilization method which gave the highest survival rate (100%) and zero contamination rate. The sterile explants were then cultured in media containing different concentrations of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Pleurotus ostreatus Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC). The SMC was tested and compared in powder and extracted form. The observations were made every week on responds of the culture using variables which are number of shoots, length of shoots and number of leaves. This article was aimed to evaluate the enhancement effect of BAP and SMC in micro-propagation of Sabah Snake Grass. The authors found that the best concentration for BAP is 1.0 μM. It produced 3.5±0.926 number of shoots and 2 μM BAP produced 7.286±1.496 number of leaves in their findings. When BAP and SMC were tested in combination, they managed to produce high number of shoots and leaves. Their result revealed a number of shoots (5.750±0.500) produced by 2% extract of SMC and some leaves (11.890±1.965) by 8% extract of SMC when both were cultured together with 1.0 μM BAP respectively. The authors thought that there was enhancement effect on the combination of BAP with extracts of SMC which gave about double regeneration rate as compared with the BAP alone and this method had high potential for future research in producing mass propagation of C. nutan and other related study by reducing the usage of plant growth regulator which may reduce the cost of micro-propagation of tissue culture plants.

Highlights

In Malaysia, sabah snake grass, pegaga and kacip fatimah are example of medicinal herbs that commonly known and consumed by many people
It can be concluded that the addition of mercuric chloride in the surface sterilization method have enhanced the efficiency in producing sterile plantlets of C. nutans
The used of plant hormone which is BAP enable the production of higher number of shoots and leaves for micropropagation of C. nutans within 4 weeks. 1.0 μM of BAP is the optimum concentration that gives better result in number of shoots emerged and 2.0 μM BAP able to produce higher number of leaves

Summary

Introduction

In Malaysia, sabah snake grass, pegaga and kacip fatimah are example of medicinal herbs that commonly known and consumed by many people. According to research conducted by Tan and Mahmood (2013), medicinal herb extract can help for treatment of leprosy and healing wound This medicinal plant implies important part as therapeutic agent or an active agent. The leaves of C. nutans have long been used traditionally and have led to discovery of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect through modern research conducted by scientists. This important discovery had largely concern by the pharmaceutical companies increasing the demand of the herb. The plant tissue culture technique had made the possibility of fulfilling the high demand by propagating the plant in larger number

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