Enhanced Transglycosylation Activity of Arthrobacter protophormiae Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in Media Containing Organic Solvents

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The transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae (endo-A) was enhanced by inclusion of organic solvents in the reaction mixture. In aqueous solution, the transglycosylation yield relative to starting substrate was 32% using Man9GlcNAc2Asn as donor and 0.5 M GlcNAc as acceptor. However, in the media containing 30% (v/v) acetone, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, or dimethyl sulfoxide with 0.5 M GlcNAc as acceptor, the transglycosylation attained yields of 89, 13, 28, and 75%, respectively, as analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography. The enzyme was stable in media containing up to 30% acetone, 30% dimethyl sulfoxide, or 20% N,N-dimethylformamide at 37 degrees C for at least 30 min. The acceptor (GlcNAc) concentration must be greater than 0.2 M for efficient transglycosylation. Electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of the transglycosylation product obtained in 30% acetone with Man5GlcNAc2Asn as donor and methyl alpha-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside as acceptor showed a mass ion of m/z 1249.4, consistent with the expected molecular weight. Analysis by 1H NMR of the product revealed that transglycosylation occurred at the C-4 of GlcNAc and the linkage was of the beta-configuration. In the acetone-containing medium, Glc, Man, 2-deoxy-Glc, and methyl alpha-D-GlcNAc can serve as a good acceptor as GlcNAc. Less favorable acceptors are xylose, fructose, 6-deoxy-Glc, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. On the other hand, GalNAc, Gal, allose, and 3-deoxy-Glc could not serve as acceptors of the enzyme transglycosylation.