Enhanced thermal study in hybrid nanofluid flow in a channel motivated by graphene/Fe3O4 and Newtonian heating

Abstract

The significance of advanced hybrid type nanofluids cannot be avoided because of their multiple heat transport applications. These are not only in applied thermal, mechanical, chemical engineering but also use as coolant for nuclear reactors, paint, medical sciences and manufacturing of various home products. The dynamical study of fluid characteristics inside a channel with slowly expanding/contracting walls is a fascinating research topic. Therefore, the key aims of this research are to formulate a hybrid nanoliquid model using graphene and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Further, physical effects of practical interest like Joule heating, magnetic field are merged in the model. After that, numerical tool used to solve it and then demonstrated the results via graphical aid. The results shown that the when the nanoparticles amount taken from 0.01 % to 0.06 % then the density changes from 1.00042 to 1.00252 (nanofluid), 1.00067 to 1.00277 (hybrid) and 1.00025 to 1.0015 (nano), 1.00125 to 1.0025 (hybrid). In similar way, thermal conductance boosted from 1.00025 to 1.0015 (nano) and 1.00085 to 1.0021 (hybrid). For elongating walls (α=2.0,4.0,6.0,8.0), the velocity increased and examined maximum at the center. The absorber walls (S=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) highly controlled the fluid motion and the particles at η=−1.0 and η=1.0 accelerates inconsequentially. The high energy dissipation, thermal radiations (Rd=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7) and Re1=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 augmented the temperature mechanism in nano, hybrid and simple fluids.