Abstract
Insufficient osteointegration still remains as one of the major problems associated with implant failures. Recently, modifying implant surface with hierarchical micro/nano-topography has attracted a great deal of attentions due to its stimulatory effect on osteogenesis. In the current work, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was applied to create micro-scale topography on titanium substrate (referred as MAO surface). The MAO surface was mainly composed of porous TiO2 matrix distributed with CaSiO3 and CaO amorphous compounds. Subsequently, the hydrothermal treatment was employed to enable the formation of MgO nano-rods on MAO-fabricated surface (referred as MAO-HT surface). Thereafter, a post heat treatment was carried out for MAO-HT surface (referred as MAO-HT-800 surface). The rod-like nano-structures transformed to nano-particles after post heat treatment. The MAO-HT-800 surface exhibited significantly reduced release of Ca, Si and Mg ions compared to MAO-HT surface. In addition, the introduction of nano-structures onto MAO surface significantly increased surface hydrophilicity. Moreover, SaOS-2 cell behaviors such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation in response to various surfaces basically followed the order: MAO surface < MAO-HT surface < MAO-HT-800 surface. The results indicate that modifying titanium surface with hierarchical micro/nano-topographies and tuning the morphological features of nano-structures could lead to enhanced osteogenesis.
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