Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an acute and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and diagnosis of the disease at its earliest stage is of paramount importance to improve the life expectancy of patients. -Synuclein (-syn) is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD, and there is a great need to develop a biosensing platform that precisely detects -syn in human body fluids. Herein, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on the label-free iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and paired antibody for the highly sensitive and selective detection of -syn in serum samples. The sensitivity of the SPR platform is enhanced significantly by directly depositing Fe3O4 NPs on the Au surface at a high density to increase the decay length of the evanescent field on the Au film. Moreover, the utilization of rabbit-type monoclonal antibody (-syn-RmAb) immobilized on Au films allows the SPR platform to have a high affinity-selectivity binding performance compared to mouse-type monoclonal antibodies as a common bioreceptor for capturing -syn molecules. As a result, the current platform has a detection limit of /, which is 20,000-fold lower than that of commercial ELISA. The improved sensor chip can also be easily regenerated to repeat the -syn measurement with the same sensitivity. Furthermore, the SPR sensor was applied to the direct analysis of -syn in serum samples. By using a format of paired -syn-RmAb, the SPR sensor provides a recovery rate in the range from 94.5% to 104.3% to detect the -syn in diluted serum samples precisely. This work demonstrates a highly sensitive and selective quantification approach to detect -syn in human biofluids and paves the way for the future development in the early diagnosis of PD.
Highlights
The circulation of disease biomarkers in the human body, including DNA/RNAs, proteins, enzymes, and metabolites, has great potentials for clinical diagnosis, prognostic treatment, and monitor disease progression [1]
Detecting levels of specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) could be beneficial to identify the patients at the earlier disease stages; the treatment can be expedited before the clinical onset occurs, which might increase the life expectations of patients
We report the first application of label-free Fe3 O4 NPs in combination with pair of antibodies integrated to the Au metal surface for the detection of α-syn in serum samples based on real-time surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis
Summary
The circulation of disease biomarkers in the human body, including DNA/RNAs, proteins, enzymes, and metabolites, has great potentials for clinical diagnosis, prognostic treatment, and monitor disease progression [1]. The altered level of the biomarker concentrations in human body fluids have been used as diagnostic indicators of cancer [2], autoimmune [3], and neurodegenerative disorders [4]. Treatment can only be initiated after the late phase of the disease, which causes the disease-modifying drugs not efficiently reversing or stopping the disease progression [9]. Detecting levels of specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PD could be beneficial to identify the patients at the earlier disease stages; the treatment can be expedited before the clinical onset occurs, which might increase the life expectations of patients
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