Abstract
We report a scheme for enhancing microwave electric field measurement by cavity-assisted Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in the 87Rb coherent atomic system. The vacuum Rabi splitting appears when the probe field is strongly coupled with intracavity atoms. The cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency with dual-peak profile is observed as a strong coupling laser is further introduced into the optical ring cavity. The optimal atomic density, resulting in an appropriate vacuum Rabi splitting interval and cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency amplitude, is determined for the coupling effect criterion of the probe field and intracavity atoms. Finally, the cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency is employed to accurately measure the microwave electric field strength, and a measurement sensitivity factor of about 2 is improved owing to an enhanced photon–atom interaction. This study is beneficial for the development of compact, broadband, and self-calibrating microwave receivers.
Highlights
Atom-based measurement serves as a calibration standard for measuring time, length, and other physical quantities [1,2,3] owing to its advantages of reproducibility, accuracy, and stability [4,5,6]
We propose a method of enhanced microwave E-field measurement via cavity-assisted electro magnetically induced transparency (CAEIT)
The vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) is observed by the strong coupling between intracavity atoms and the probe field
Summary
Atom-based measurement serves as a calibration standard for measuring time, length, and other physical quantities [1,2,3] owing to its advantages of reproducibility, accuracy, and stability [4,5,6]. The sensitivity of microwave electric field (E-field) measurement based on the Rydberg atoms is an ongoing pursuit in recent years [3, 8, 14,15,16,17]. The microwave E-field measurement based on Rydberg atoms is realized by an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) scheme [18], coupling the ground state to the Rydberg state with an intermediate state. In these cases, the frequency interval of the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting indicates the strength of the microwave E-field, which drives the adjacent Rydberg levels [3]. The spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is effectively improved by modulation technology [10, 20] and heterodyne detection [18]
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