Enhanced mechanical properties of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone composites via infrared preheating and high fiber volume fraction

Abstract

The field of additive manufacturing encounters an innate challenge regarding insufficient interlayer adhesion and anisotropy, which consequently constrains the mechanical properties of printed materials. Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFRTP) printing allows ultra-high mechanical properties using a material extrusion (ME) platform but is still significantly affected by the mentioned inherent challenges. The expansion of the usage spectrum for composites manufactured with additive methods depends on overcoming these challenges. Achieving higher fiber volume fractions is a primary method for enhancing the mechanical properties of CFRTP parts. However, it has been proven that high fiber volume fractions can adversely affect mechanical properties due to lower impregnation and reduced interlayer strength. In this study, a high fiber volume fraction of 50 % was utilized, and interlayer strength was further improved by employing an infrared heater to preheat the previous layers. This approach resulted in better interlaminar strength and overall mechanical properties, demonstrating the effectiveness of infrared heating in mitigating the challenges associated with high fiber volume fractions. The infrared heater was positioned in a rotating printing head so it could continuously stay in front of the print path. Mechanical tests showed a flexural strength of 1304 MPa and tensile strength of 995 MPa, with high fiber volume fraction and infrared assistance. As far as we know, these values represent the highest achieved in the literature for CFRTP printing without any post-processing. Optical images and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests were used to investigate the microstructure and thermal properties of the printed samples.