Enhanced low-temperature resistance of lithium-ion batteries based on methyl propionate-fluorinated ethylene carbonate electrolyte

Abstract

Low temperature has been a major challenge for lithium-ion batteries to maintain satisfied electrochemical performance, as it leads to poor rechargeability and low capacity retention. Traditional carbonate solvents, vinyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate are indispensable components of commercial electrolytes. However, the higher melting point of these carbonate solvents causes their electrical conductivity to be easily reduced when temperatures drop below zero, limiting their ability to facilitate lithium ion transport. In this work, we demonstrate that the use of methyl propionate (MP) carboxylate and fluorocarbonate vinyl (FEC) electrolytes can overcome the limitations of low temperature cycling. Compared with carbonate electrolyte, MP has the characteristics of low melting point, low viscosity and low binding energy with Li+, which is crucial to improve the low temperature performance of the battery, while FEC is an effective component to inhibit the side reaction between MP and lithium metal. The carefully formulated MP-based electrolyte can generate a solid electrolyte interface with low resistance and rich in inorganic substances, which is conducive to the smooth diffusion of Li+, allowing the battery to successfully cycle at a high rate of 0.5 C at −20 °C, and giving it a reversible capacity retention rate of 65.3% at −40 oC. This work designs a promising advanced electrolyte and holds the potential to overcome limitations of lithium-ion batteries in harsh conditions.