Abstract
The amine functionalized graphene oxide (GO) was prepared via a chemical reaction. This was achieved by reacting GO with a mixture of ethanolamine, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, and sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP). The amine-functionalized graphene oxide (EGOS) with varying STTP:GO weight ratios was then used to fabricate cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) based on polyvinylidene fluoride. The characterizations of the modified EGOS samples were investigated using various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, the influence of the STTP:GO weight ratio in the EGOS samples on the properties of the fabricated CEMs was investigated using different experimental methods. More desirable characteristics were recorded for the EGOS-based CEMs compared to GO-containing membranes. The top-performance membrane comprising EGOS0.5 (STTP: GO weight ratio of 0.5:1) demonstrated a remarkable water content of 45.6 ± 1.3 %, and an ion exchange capacity of 3.6 ± 0.3 meq g−1. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that this membrane has the lowest resistance of 1.5 Ω cm2, which was considerably (86.96 %) less than the value obtained for the unmodified GO-containing reference membrane (11.5 Ω cm2). The diffusion coefficient of sodium ions through the fabricated CEMs was investigated via electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the Randles-Sevceks equation and the highest value was obtained for EGOS0.5-based CEMs.
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