Abstract
Field emission properties of clustered titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays have been studied and compared with those of dense, highly aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays. It was found that clustered nanotube arrays showed significant increase of field emission current density (sevenfold) and field enhancement factor (fivefold) compared to regular shape, highly aligned forest-like TiO2 nanotube arrays, which can be explained by the reduction of electric field screening effects. Clustered TiO2 nanotubes arrays were achieved by electrochemical oxidation of titanium sheet in electrolyte consisting of diethylene or ethylene glycol solvents and ammonium fluorine, while the well aligned nanotube arrays were grown using glycerol.
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