Effect of high pressure synthesis conditions on the formation of high entropy oxides

Abstract

High entropy materials are often entropy stabilized, meaning that the configurational entropy from multiple elements sharing a single lattice site stabilizes the structure. In this work, we study how high-pressure synthesis conditions can stabilize or destabilize a high entropy oxide (HEO). We study the high-pressure and high-temperature phase equilibria of two well-known families of HEOs: the rock salt structured compound (Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)O, including some cation substitutions, and the spinel structured compound (Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)3O4. Syntheses were performed at various temperatures, pressures, and oxygen activity levels, resulting in dramatically different synthesis outcomes. In particular, in the rock salt HEO, we observe the competing tenorite and wurtzite phases and the possible formation of a layered rock salt phase while the spinel HEO is highly susceptible to partial decomposition into a mixture of rock salt and corundum phases. At the highest tested pressures, 15 GPa, we discover the transformation of the spinel HEO into a metastable modified ludwigite-type structure with the nominal formula (Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)4O5. The relationship between the synthesis conditions and the final reaction product is not straightforward. Nonetheless, we conclude that high-pressure conditions provide an important opportunity to synthesize high entropy phases that cannot be formed any other way.