Abstract

Pretreatment of two bituminous coals with alkali metal in liquid ammonia followed by protonation with NH 4Cl resulted in an improvement of the conversion in thermal coal liquefaction. Experiments were performed at 400 and 425 °C, without catalyst in n-dodecane (inert) as well as in tetralin (H-donating) as the solvent. Coal liquefaction products that were soluble in tetrahydrofuran were analysed by g.p.c., 13C and 1H n.m.r. The material extracted with n-dodecane without pretreatment of the coal is highly aromatic, but metal-ammonia pretreatment decreases both the 13C- and 1H-aromaticity. A mechanism for the increase in conversion in relation to coal structure is discussed.

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