Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose From Substrate and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Content-During the Fruiting Body Differentiation Stage by Sodium Acetate Addition.

Li-Juan Hou,Chang-Tian Li,Shao-Xuan Qu,Zheng-Peng Li,Lin Ma,Jin-Sheng Lin,Hui-Ping Li,Yu Li,Ning Jiang

doi:10.3389/ffunb.2021.746313

Abstract

Volvariella volvacea, with high commercial, nutritional and medicinal value, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The effects of supplementation on mushroom yield has been studied. We showed that the optimal application of sodium acetate (NaAc) was spray application of a 0.08% concentration during the substrate mixing stage which could increase yields by up to 89.16% and enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose from the substrate. For most enzymes tested maximum activity occurred during the fruiting body growth and development stage, which led to degradation of the substrate, increasing the available nutrients for mycelial propagation and fruiting body growth and development. Meanwhile, NaAc also significantly increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in the early fruiting body development stage of V. volvacea, It was observed that IAA promotes not only plant primordium differentiation; but also the primordium differentiation of edible fungi. Furthermore, treatments with three acetate salts had an increase of yield by 30.22% on average. The mechanisms by which NaAc application may improve the yield of V. volvacea are discussed.

Highlights

There are over 200 species of edible and medicinal mushrooms used as functional foods in the worldwide (Kalac, 2013)
All concentrations of NaAc treatments produced a larger number of fruiting bodies than that of the control (p < 0.05), with increases ranging from 32.38 to 78.09% with the highest fruiting body counts at 0.08% NaAc (Figure 1B)
Biological efficiency (BE) was similar to yield per plot with a positive linear regression (p < 0.05, Figure 1D)

Summary

Introduction

There are over 200 species of edible and medicinal mushrooms used as functional foods in the worldwide (Kalac, 2013). These mushrooms are rich nutrients, proteins, minerals, and vitamins (Reis et al, 2011; Panjikkaran and Mathew, 2013). Volvariella volvacea, belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota (Zheng and Ding, 2013), is one of the most important mushrooms for culinary purposes and is one of five cultivated mushroom species in China (Chang, 1974; Wang et al, 2017). A balance in the carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N) of the substrate is important for the total carbon content including recalcitrant cellulose and hemicelluloses (Ryu et al, 2015)

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Discussion

Conclusion