Enhanced Data Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Energy Consumption Forecasting

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Energy consumption plays a significant role in global warming. In order to achieve carbon neutrality and enhance energy efficiency through a stable energy supply, it is necessary to pursue the development of innovative architectures designed to optimize and analyze time series data. Therefore, this study presents a new architecture that highlights the critical role of preprocessing in improving predictive performance and demonstrates its scalability across various energy domains. The architecture, which discerns patterns indicative of time series characteristics, is founded on three core components: data preparation, process optimization methods, and prediction. The core of this architecture is the identification of patterns within the time series and the determination of optimal data processing techniques, with a strong emphasis on preprocessing methods. The experimental results for heat energy demonstrate the potential for data optimization to achieve performance gains, thereby confirming the critical role of preprocessing. This study also confirms that the proposed architecture consistently enhances predictive outcomes, irrespective of the model employed, through the evaluation of five distinct prediction models. Moreover, experiments extending to electric energy validate the architecture’s scalability and efficacy in predicting various energy types using analogous input variables. Furthermore, this research employs explainable artificial intelligence to elucidate the determinants influencing energy prediction, thereby contributing to the management of low-carbon energy supply and demand.