Enhanced catalytic degradation of organic dye by Sn1-xLaxO2 nanoparticles under UV light for wastewater treatment

Abstract

Effectively eliminating dyes and heavy metals from wastewater, without secondary contamination and with easy recovery, is a significant challenge. To address this, SnO2-based photocatalysts were fabricated using a straightforward sol–gel method, aiming to achieve high-value reutilization and environmental protection. Utilizing XRD, FTIR, and HRTEM, the investigation has conclusively confirmed the emergence of nanoparticles (NPs) through rigorous analysis and observation techniques. Raman, XPS, and PL spectroscopy probed electronic, optical properties, and lattice defects, offering comprehensive insights into material characteristics. Specific BET surface areas were observed to be 17.72 and 39.64 m2/g for 0 % and 5 % La samples. The introduction of dopant La to the SnO2 lattice resulted in enhanced optical properties, demonstrated by a significant red shift. La-SnO2 nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable catalytic efficacy, degrading 94 % of RB dye solution under 60 min of UV light exposure. Even after four cycles, the catalytic degradation activity remained high at 87 %, showcasing excellent structural stability. Enhanced adsorption capacity and effective separation of electron-hole pairs under light contribute to this improvement. Moreover, the study delved into defect-based room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) by examining the formation of a novel network, such as La3+-O-Sn4+. The results highlight the potential of these composites doped photocatalysts as effective materials for degrading harmful organic pollutants in wastewater treatment and for their application in spintronic devices. The present study aims to characterize the structural, magnetic, and optical attributes of La-doped SnO2 nanoparticles.