Abstract
It has recently been reported that machined and microrough (micro) Brazilian titanium (Ti) implants have good production standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo bone formation around 2 different implant surfaces placed in dog's mandible. Thirty-two screw-typed Ti implants were used in this study. Mandibular premolars were extracted in 8 dogs and, after 12 weeks, 2 machined (Neodent Titamax, Brazil) and 2 micro implants (Neodent Titamax Porous, Brazil) were placed in each animal. Biopsies were taken at 3 and 8 weeks post-implantation and stained with Stevenel's blue and Alizarin red for histomorphometric measurements of bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area between threads (BABT) and bone area within the mirror area (BAMA). Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05). While at 3 weeks micro implants exhibited significantly more BIC than machined ones (55 +/- 12.5% and 35.6 +/- 15%, p<0.05), no significant difference in such parameter was detected at 8 weeks (51.2 +/- 21% and 48.6 +/- 18.1%, p>0.05). There were no significant differences in BABT and BAMA between the implants. Micro surfaces promoted higher contact osteogenesis. These data indicate that this commercial micro Ti implant surface enhances contact osteogenesis at an early post-implantation period when compared to the machined one.
Highlights
Implant surface has been recognized to be a critical factor for the achievement of bone formation around titanium (Ti) implants [1]
In addition to surface topography, surface chemistry is another key variable for peri-implant bone apposition, since it influences surface charge and wettability [9]
No significant differences in bone morphology on micro and machined implants surfaces were present at 8 weeks (Fig. 1C-D), newly formed bone presented a greater organization and significantly less active osteoblasts and osteoclasts lining the bone matrix while areas of necrotic bone were rarely found
Summary
Implant surface has been recognized to be a critical factor for the achievement of bone formation around titanium (Ti) implants [1]. The most important surface properties are topography, chemistry, surface charge, and wettability [2]. Surface properties affect processes such as protein adsorption, cell-surface interaction, cell/ tissue formation and development at the bone-to-implant interface, all of which are relevant to the functionality of the fixture [1]. Many studies regarding augmentation in removal torque values [2,3,4] or increase in bone apposition around Ti implants [2,3,4,5] suggested advantage of (micro) surfaces when compared to machined ones [6,7,8]. In addition to surface topography, surface chemistry is another key variable for peri-implant bone apposition, since it influences surface charge and wettability [9]. Placko et al [10] stated that elements and concentration present on implant surfaces vary according to each manufacturer procedure technique and should not be related to success rates
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