Enhanced Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Larvicidal, and Repellence Activities of Brown Algae, Cystoseira crinita-Mediated Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles.

Mohammed F Hamza,Ehab F El-Belely,Ahmed M Eid,Zarraq E Al-Faifi,Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman,Saad El-Din Hassan,Mohamed A Awad,Amr Fouda

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.849921

Abstract

Herein, the metabolites secreted by brown algae, Cystoseira crinita, were used as biocatalyst for green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy linked with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed successful formation of crystallographic and spherical MgO-NPs with sizes of 3–18 nm at a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 320 nm. Moreover, EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O in the sample with weight percentages of 54.1% and 20.6%, respectively. Phyco-fabricated MgO-NPs showed promising activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans with MIC values ranging between 12.5 and 50 μg mL−1. The IC50 value of MgO-NPs against cancer cell lines (Caco-2) was 113.4 μg mL−1, whereas it was 141.2 μg mL−1 for normal cell lines (Vero cell). Interestingly, the green synthesized MgO-NPs exhibited significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity against Musca domestica. At 10 μg mL−1 MgO-NPs, the highest mortality percentages were 99.0%, 95.0%, 92.2%, and 81.0% for I, II, III instars’ larvae, and pupa of M. domestica, respectively, with LC50 values (3.08, 3.49, and 4.46 μg mL−1), and LC90 values (7.46, 8.89, and 10.43 μg mL−1), respectively. Also, MgO-NPs showed repellence activity for adults of M. domestica at 10 μg mL−1 with 63.0%, 77.9%, 84.9%, and 96.8% after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.

Highlights

IntroductionNanomaterials are materials with at least one dimension and an average size of 1–100 nm with an extraordinary surface area
The first monitor for phyco-synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) was the color change from pale yellow to yellowish-brown due to the mixing of aqueous extract of C. crinita with Mg(NO3)2.6H2O. This change was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy to detect the maximum surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which mainly depends on the size, distribution, and shape of phyco-synthesized MgO-NPs in the colloidal solution (Fedlheim and Foss, 2001)
Compatible with the current study, the aqueous extract of brown algae Sargasssum wightii was changed to yellowish-brown after being mixed with Mg(NO3)2 as an indication of MgO-NPs formation, and the maximum SPR was appeared at 322 nm (Pugazhendhi et al, 2019)

Summary

Introduction

Nanomaterials are materials with at least one dimension and an average size of 1–100 nm with an extraordinary surface area. Shape, and size can be precisely controlled to exhibit certain mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical catalytic properties, which distinguish them from their bulk material counterparts (Baig et al, 2021; Shaheen et al, 2021). Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) are present in diverse morphological frameworks such as needles, rods, platelets, cubes, flowers, spheres, and stars that qualify them to produce novel nanomaterials (Cao et al, 2020). Green synthesis methods for nanoparticles production are used as alternatives to physicochemical methods. Such methods could produce MgO-NPs in an effective, safe, and environmentally friendly manner; in addition, the produced particles are highly stable (Fouda et al, 2021d). The FDA has approved MgO-NPs as a safe and effective antibacterial alternative (Kumar et al, 2020)

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Results

Conclusion