Abstract
Schwertmannite (Sch) is recognized for its heavy metal adsorption capabilities, but is limited by several drawbacks, including a narrow pH operational range, a tendency towards agglomeration, and a relatively modest adsorption capacity, which restricts its widespread utilization. This study introduces cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified Sch (CTAB-Sch), synthesized through a rapid oxidation technique using H2O2, which significantly ameliorates these limitations. The investigation finds that a CTAB concentration of 10 mM is optimal for Cr(VI) removal, with the modified sch showing significant improvements in stability, recyclability, and adsorption efficiency within a pH range of 2–7. The adsorption process is characterized as spontaneous and endothermic, conforming to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption model, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity of 103.02 mg/g, which is approximately twice that of its unmodified Sch. Through comprehensive experimental analysis, the efficient removal mechanism of Cr(VI) by CTAB-Sch was elucidated, involving ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface complex formation. Moreover, the investigation demonstrates that CTAB plays a pivotal role in enhancing adsorption by optimizing functional group orientation, amplifying surface positive charge, augmenting hydrophilicity, and inhibiting mineral agglomeration. The findings suggest that CTAB-Sch has significant potential for treating Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater, highlighting its advancements in adsorption technology.
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