Abstract
The antimicrobial profile of oil extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds on orthopaedic wound pathogens was tested and compared with the antimicrobial activity of some antibiotics. The pathogens were characterized using biochemical and morphological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on the pathogens using paper discs diffusion method. Plasmid curing was done on the isolates that showed resistance to antibiotics and the Moringa extracts. Time of kill assay was done with modified plating technique. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 43% of the pathogens followed by Proteus spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (15%), Citrobacter spp. (11%), Escherichia coli (8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6%). Over 80% of the organisms were resistant to the tested antibiotics and their resistance were of plasmid origin. The methanolic leaf oil extract showed highest antimicrobial activity. The activity of the aqueous seed oil extract was significantly higher than the methanolic and ethanolic seed oil extracts (P > 0.05). Viable cell counts of S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were reduced by the methanolic leaf and aqueous seed oil extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic leaf and aqueous seed oil extracts compared favourably with the reference antibiotics and can be used as alternatives for treatment of orthopaedic wound infections. Key words: Orthopeadic, antibiotics, plant extracts, plasmid, wound, infection, antimicrobial, Moringa oleifera.
Highlights
The control of wound infections is becoming more challenging due to widespread bacterial resistance to antibiotics and to a greater incidence of infections caused by methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and polymicrobic flora (Cheesbrough, 2006)
Increased antimicrobial resistance among pathogens of wound infections can result to complications and increase in the cost associated with procedures and treatments
Aqueous extracts of the fresh leaves and seeds for antimicrobial examination One hundred grams (100 g) of fresh leaves and seeds of M. oleifera were weighed and crushed directly using electric blender and missed in 400 mL distilled water into a conical flask stoppered with rubber corks and shook for 30 min, after which they were left to stand for 72 h and were shaken intermittently
Summary
Antibiotic resistance, especially among wound containing bacteria is an important issue of discussion in the. Increased antimicrobial resistance among pathogens of wound infections can result to complications and increase in the cost associated with procedures and treatments. Due to this rising resistance among wound pathogens, there is a need to search for alternative sources of treatment of wound infections in natural compounds from medicinal plants such as Moringa oleifera. Finding an alternative source of treatment for wound infections using M. oleifera plant extracts could provide the needed replacement for conventional antibiotics since most wound pathogens have appeared to have developed resistance to most of the available antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of M. oleifera seed and leaf oil extracts against broad spectrum antibiotic resistant microorganisms isolated from wound infections. The study investigate if the resistance to the conventional antibiotics by some wound pathogens is plasmid associated
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