Abstract
Two greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of dried leaf powder and extractives (ethanolic, and aqueous extracts) of Moringa(Moringa oleifera) or organic fertilizer (vermicompost) and two commercial products namely BioNematon (Purpureocillium lilacinum) and Abamectin, Gold (Streptomyces avermitilis) on eggplant growth parameters and Meloidogyne incognita infection. In both experiments observed data revealed that combined applications showed better performance than did single ones. Eggplant growth parameters in terms of fresh shoot and root lengths, and shoot and root weights were remarkably improved with single application of Abamectin or BioNematon followed by plant extracts or vermicompost resulting in a significant (P<0.05) suppression in nematode population in soil and root as well as the number of galls and egg masses. However, the potential of bioagent was increased with the addition of Moringa leaf powder and significantly (P<0.05) enhanced eggplant growth and suppressed nematode population, root galling and female fecundity even no significant differences were recorded compared to Oxamyl. Vermicompost derived from municipal wastes showed a low C/N ratio (1:14) with an excess of nitrogen that exhibited nematicidal activity against M.incognita. The addition of vermicompost with such bio-agents showed a synergistic effect upon nematode population, root galling and number of females. Significant differences whether in plant growth or nematode reproduction were not detected compared to Oxamyl. Thus the current study revealed the potential of leaf powder and extractives of Moringa, vermicompost, P.lilacinum and S.avermitilis as safe alternatives to control M.incognita infecting eggplant through an integrated management program and bring sustainability to agriculture.
Highlights
Eggplant is a major fruit vegetable crop with global production in 2018 exceeding 52 million tonnes (FAOSTAT, 2019).Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are considered one of the most important pathogens causing substantial damage to eggplants grown in tropical and subtropical regions (Hussain et al, 2015)
Vermicomposting is a mesophilic process utilizing earthworms to turn the organic waste material into high-quality compost known as vermicompost that consists mainly of worm cast in addition to decayed organic matter (Devi and Prakash 2015; Mohamed et al, 2019)
The objective of this research was to explore the impact of Moringa plant extracts, granular vermicompost integrated with two commercial biocontrol agents on M. incognita infection and eggplant growth response
Summary
Eggplant is a major fruit vegetable crop with global production in 2018 exceeding 52 million tonnes (FAOSTAT, 2019).Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are considered one of the most important pathogens causing substantial damage to eggplants grown in tropical and subtropical regions (Hussain et al, 2015). The use of nematicides is the most desirable method for the management of root-knot nematodes Their adverse effects on the environment, ground water, soil texture, human, plant and animal health (Meyer, 2003), led scientists to search for ecofriendly alternatives strategies. Among these strategies plant extractives that have been shown nematicidal properties against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. under greenhouse and field conditions and their potential for use in nematode control programs has been suggested (Ismail, 2013; Sowley et al, 2018 ; Mainoo and Banful, 2019; El Deriny et al, 2020). The suppressive effect of vermicompost on plantparasitic nematodes was documented (Singh and Prasad, 2014; Gabour et al, 2015; Mohamed et al, 2019)
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