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Context (Background): Many authors have studied sutural bones in various parts of the world. Examples of such work done in the Eastern Region of India are not known to many in the medical community. Therefore, the authors have endeavored to give some insight into the topic and compile a baseline data of such traits by studying the incidence and distribution of various types of sutural bones in the Eastern region of India. AIMS: To study the incidence and distribution of various types of sutural bones in the Eastern region of India with particular attention to sex distribution. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted based on dry adult crania in the museum of Department of Anatomy over a period of 1 year. METHODS AND MATERIAL: 111 dry adult crania were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of crania with sutural bones in each sex, the total number of sutural bones in each sex and the distribution of sutural bones present bilaterally and in the midline in both males and females were studied. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Z-Test was performed for the distribution of sutural bones. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The results were calculated using Epi Info TM statistical software (version 3.4.1 July 3, 2007 for Windows). RESULTS: The gross incidence of sutural bones was 69.37%. The gross percentages of males and females with sutural bones were 38.74 and 30.63 respectively. Higher number of sutural bones were observed in females (188) compared to males (153). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of LO type of sutural bone present bilaterally between male and female crania. CONCLUSION: Minor variations in the ossicles of the cranium have aroused the curiosity of anatomists for many decades. Studies have shown that the presence of sutural bones is associated with other cranial and central nervous system abnormalities. The presence of sutural bones as small islands of bone lying within the lambda should not be confused with fractures of the skull. Thus these are important for radiologists, surgeons and forensic personnel. Further investigation into the cause of differences in the distribution of sutural bones may lead to the unraveling of developmental events associated with them.