Abstract
Significant increase in shoot regeneration, leaf chlorophyll content and rooting occurred when silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) were added to banana culture medium. The highest numbers of shoots per explants shoot length and leaf surface area was obtained when media were supplemented with 10 mgl-1 AgNO3. Number of shoots per explants increased three fold, shoot length and leaf surface area increased by an average of 4.5 and 2 cm2, respectively, in comparison to control. CoCl2 and AOA had less promotive effects on shoot generation with maximum shoot number per explant and shoot length achieved at 15 mgl-1. Rooting of banana shoots in vitro was enhanced by these compounds. The highest number of roots per shoot (21.7) and the longest roots (12.68 cm) were observed when rooting media was supplemented with 10 mgl-1 AgNO3. For CoCl2 and AOA the maximum rooting occurred in media supplemented with 15 mgl-1, although roots number and root length were lower than those achieved by AgNO3. Considerable increase in leaf total chlorophyll content occurred in shoots grown on media containing AgNO3 and AOA. The largest increase in leaf chlorophyll content (120%) was noted when shoots were grown in the presence of 10 mgl-1 AgNO3. This was followed by AOA which increased chlorophyll content by 35%. CoCl2 had no significant effect on leaf chlorophyll content. These findings suggest that application of ethylene inhibitors, particularly AgNO3, to culture media may be useful for improving in vitro growth performance of banana cultures. Key words: Ethylene inhibitors, banana, Musa acuminata L, in vitro culture.
Highlights
In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that ethylene accumulates in vessels of in vitro plant culture systems (Biddington, 1992; Zobayed et al, 1999; Fuentes et al, 2000)
Addition of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) to multiplication media was beneficial to banana shoot multiplication less effective than silver nitrate (AgNO3)
Rooting and shoot growth of in vitro grown banana shoots after 4 weeks of culture. (a) Control, (b) media supplemented with 10 mgl-1 AgNO3
Summary
Several studies have demonstrated that ethylene accumulates in vessels of in vitro plant culture systems (Biddington, 1992; Zobayed et al, 1999; Fuentes et al, 2000). Ethylene accumulation was found to inhibit in vitro regeneration of several plant species (Huxteret al., 1981; Purnhauseret al., 1987; Chi et al, 1991; Gong and Pua, 2004). Addition of ethylene inhibitors such as silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) to culture media have been demonstrated to improve regeneration and growth performance of both dicot and monocot plant tissue cultures (Beyer, 1976; Duncan et al, 1985; Davies, 1987; Songstad et al.,1988; Chi and Pua, 1989; Veen and Over Beek, 1989; Bais et al, 2000; Giridhar et al, 2003; Kumar et al, 2007; Abdellatef and Khalafalla, 2008; Osman and Kalafalla, 2010; Sandra and Maira, 2013)
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