Abstract
The present study describes the optimization of nutritional and cultural parameters for the production of alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis under solid state conditions. Among cultural conditions, incubation temperature, incubation period and moisture level of the substrate were optimized and it was found that maximum production of alkaline protease was observed at 37°C and moisture to substrate ratio of 1:1 after 48 h of incubation period. Among different nutritional parameters, the effects of different diluents, carbon and nitrogen sources on the enzyme production were studied. Maximum enzyme production (101.23 U/g) was observed when D2 {(% w/v) CaCO3, 0.05; peptone, 0.1; glucose, 0.1 and yeast extract, 0.1} was used to moisten the substrate. The best carbon source for the production of alkaline protease by B. subtilis was found to be sucrose at a concentration of 1%. Similarly, nutrient broth (1.5%) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (0.1%) were found to be best organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, respectively. It was also found that the maximum protease (126.8 U/g) was produced when 25% (v/w) inoculum was used to inoculate the fermentation flasks. Key words: Fermentation, carbon, nitrogen, inoculum, incubation temperature.
Highlights
Microbial proteases are one of the most important classes of biocatalyst from an industrial point of view, occupying a major share of 60% of the total enzyme market (Gupta et al, 2002)
The present study describes the optimization of nutritional and cultural parameters for the production of alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis under solid state conditions
The present study is concerned with the optimization of process parameters for alkaline protease production by B. subtilis IH72 under solid state fermentation
Summary
Microbial proteases are one of the most important classes of biocatalyst from an industrial point of view, occupying a major share of 60% of the total enzyme market (Gupta et al, 2002). Pakistan is an agricultural country so it has a wide variety of agro-industrial byproducts which are cheaply available in the market These agro-industrial by products are good sources of proteins, carbohydrates and minerals needed for the growth of microorganism and synthesis of microbial enzymes (Qadeer et al, 1990). The selection of ideal agro-industrial byproduct for the enzyme production in a solid state fermentation process depends upon several factors mainly related with cost and availability of the substrate and may involve screening of several agro-industrial byproduct (Pandey et al, 2000) Agricultural byproducts such as soybean meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, gram husk, rice bran, rice husk, rice polish, sunflower meal and linseed meal have been evaluated for the biosynthesis of protease. The present study is concerned with the optimization of process parameters for alkaline protease production by B. subtilis IH72 under solid state fermentation
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