Abstract
The production of extracellular alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis was studied with submerged fermentation. A new strain of Bacillus sp. was isolated from alkaline soil, which was able to produce extracellular alkaline protease. The production of alkaline protease involved the use of agricultural or animal wastes at pH 8 and temperatures at 37°C. Results showed that growing B. subtilis sub sp. subtilis under optimized growth resulted in production of alkaline protease with enzyme activity of 1412.5 U/ml, while with pomegranate peel at a concentration of 3%, the enzyme activity reached 3600 U/ml; further increase in pomegranate concentration did not however, lead to additional enzyme activity. Among various nitrogen sources, yeast extract was found to be the best inducer of alkaline protease. Among metal salts, KNO3 and NH4Cl were found to increase protease production. The maximum enzyme production (3600 U/ml) was observed with pomegranate peels of fermentation medium in the presence of yeast extract, potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride. Key words: Production, alkaline protease, Bacillus subtilis, animal wastes, enzyme activity.
Highlights
Marketable proteases have reached up to 60% of the total industrial enzymes’ market, and they represent one of the three largest groups of industrial enzymes known
Results showed that growing B. subtilis sub sp. subtilis under optimized growth resulted in production of alkaline protease with enzyme activity of 1412.5 U/ml, while with pomegranate peel at a concentration of 3%, the enzyme activity reached 3600 U/ml; further increase in pomegranate concentration did not lead to additional enzyme activity
Among all the plant and animal wastes investigated in this study, egg shells produced alkaline protease enzyme with the lowest activity of 39 U/ml (Table 1)
Summary
Marketable proteases have reached up to 60% of the total industrial enzymes’ market, and they represent one of the three largest groups of industrial enzymes known. Microbial proteases are produced from high yielding strains, including species of Bacillus sp., which is the most important group of bacteria that are involved in the enzyme industry. This bacterium is known to produce proteolytic enzymes quite effectively (Kaur et al, 1998). Alkaline proteases are produced using submerged fermentation due to apparent advantages in enzyme production characterized by defined medium, and process conditions, and advantageous in downstream despite the cost-intensiveness for medium components
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